Who says you need a separate loan for every single property?
As you scale your real estate portfolio, it can get tricky to borrow and manage separate mortgage loans for every single property. It also limits your financing options, and your ability to pull equity out of existing properties.
Enter: blanket mortgages.
What Is a Blanket Mortgage in Real Estate?
A blanket mortgage is a single loan that attaches to multiple properties.
For instance, say you come across a seller looking to sell her entire portfolio of eight properties. You could go out and try to arrange eight separate landlord mortgages — or you could negotiate one single blanket mortgage that covers all eight properties.
Note that the lender attaches a lien against each piece of property. Default on your mortgage payment, and they file for foreclosure on all eight buildings.
Lenders usually include a release clause with blanket loans to cover the event of the borrower selling one property. Unlike traditional mortgages, you don’t have to pay back the entire loan when you sell a property. Typically, the seller either repays a proportionate percentage of the loan balance, or they allow the borrower to put the proceeds of the sale toward buying a replacement property (which the lender places a new lien against). Think of it like a 1031 exchange for your blanket loan.
But as simple as the blanket mortgage definition is, its uses and applications get a bit more nuanced.
Who Uses Blanket Mortgages — and How to Use Them
Homeowners don’t typically use blanket loans. Most conventional Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac home loans do not allow cross collateralization for primary residences or second homes.
But investors, who may own dozens of properties, need to know what a blanket mortgage is and how to use it for maximum effect.
Buy-and-Hold Investors
Landlords who buy and hold real estate can use blanket loans in several ways.
To begin with, they can use a blanket mortgage to buy a portfolio of properties all at once, as in the example above. Alternatively, rental investors can use a blanket landlord mortgage to avoid coming up with a down payment.
It works like this: imagine you have a property worth $150,000, with an $80,000 mortgage on it. You want to buy another property for $150,000, and the lender requires a 20% down payment. Rather than come up with $30,000 in cash for the down payment, you instead offer your equity in your existing property as part of a blanket loan.
The lender puts a second lien against your existing property, and of course carries the one and only lien against the new property you buy. Thus, they have liens against both properties, so if you default, they foreclose on both.
It’s another way to tap equity in your existing properties, beyond refinancing or taking out a HELOC against a rental property.
Speaking of refinancing, some landlords refinance several separate loans into a blanket mortgage. In doing so, they consolidate into one loan, possibly with a lower interest rate or more favorable loan term.
House Flippers
Investors who flip houses can also use blanket loans to buy multiple properties at one time, under one loan.
As they complete the renovations and sell off each property, they either pay down the loan balance or buy a replacement property to put under the blanket loan.
Real Estate Developers
Similarly, real estate developers use blanket real estate loans to buy large tracts of land, which they subdivide and then build on.
One by one, they sell off the individual plots, and either pay down their loan balance or pick up new tracts to place under the blanket loan.
Business Owners
Businesses buying several new locations often use a blanket mortgage. It works just like on the residential side, with one mortgage loan covering several commercial buildings.
Or, businesses can offer up existing properties with equity as additional collateral to avoid a down payment.
Finally, businesses can refinance multiple commercial mortgages into one blanket loan. It works the same way for them as for landlords.
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Pros of Blanket Mortgages
As with everything else in investing (and in life), blanket real estate loans come with their fair share of pros and cons.
Make sure you understand both before committing to a large loan!
Lower Closing Costs
Every time you hold a real estate settlement, you incur closing costs. Buying, selling, refinancing: all involve thousands of dollars in closing costs.
So, rather than holding five different settlements when you buy a portfolio of investment properties, why not hold one?
Lenders charge flat fees in addition to points (based on the loan amount). By taking out one loan rather than five, you only pay one set of flat fees.
The same principle applies to title fees — while title companies do charge by the title search, they also charge many flat fees per settlement. Doing one settlement means paying one set of those fees.
More Negotiable Loan Terms
When you take out ten garden variety $200,000 landlord mortgages, you don’t have much negotiating power with any of them.
When you approach a blanket mortgage lender about a $2 million loan, they pay more attention. They want your business.
Plus, it involves less work for more money, on the part of the lender. They only have to process and underwrite one loan, not five or ten.
All of which means borrowers can often negotiate a lower interest rate, lower points, or otherwise favorable loan terms. Which can in turn mean better cash flow and higher returns on your properties.
Simpler Money Management
If you only have one loan to pay and manage each month, rather than five or ten or 20, it keeps your accounting far simpler.
In contrast, keeping track of dozens of monthly mortgage payments can confuse both you and your books.
Avoid Down Payments by Tapping Equity
Real estate investors can use a blanket mortgage to buy properties with no money down, if they offer up existing properties with equity as additional collateral.
No refinancing necessary, no HELOC, no selling your existing properties to fund future purchases.
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Cons of Blanket Loans
Blanket mortgages come with downsides too, not just perks. Keep the following in mind as you consider taking out a blanket real estate loan.
Pooled Risk
First and foremost, when you pool multiple assets under one loan, you pool a certain amount of risk.
Because if you default, you lose not one property to foreclosure, but all the properties under the blanket loan.
If you keep your loans separate, then you also isolate each one. You can default on one loan and only risk losing that one property.
Shorter Loan Terms
Blanket mortgage loans often come with shorter loan terms, often 10 or 15 years. Those may be amortized over just 10 or 15 years, with monthly payments calculated accordingly, or the monthly payments may be calculated on a longer amortization schedule with a balloon payment due after 10 or 15 years. (A balloon payment requires the loan be paid in full, even though the monthly payments were calculated on a longer schedule.)
In contrast, residential mortgage loans usually allow up to 30-year terms, and commercial property loans typically allow up to 25-year terms. These longer terms mean lower monthly payments and more flexibility in paying off your loan.
Fewer Lenders Offer Blanket Mortgages
Not all lenders offer blanket loans. In fact, most don’t.
Conventional mortgage lenders following Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac loan programs don’t typically allow blanket mortgages.
Many portfolio lenders — who keep their loans in-house on their books rather than selling them — don’t allow them either. Portfolio lenders come in many shapes and sizes, from local community banks to online lenders like Visio and Lending Home to commercial lenders.
Build your financing toolkit now, so you have many lending options lined up before you have an off-market deal lined up that needs to close pronto.
More Lender Scrutiny
Blanket mortgages are more complex for the lender, with a higher loan amount. That means more scrutiny of the loan.
Lenders may require higher credit scores for these loans, or offer lower LTV (loan-to-value ratios) loans. You may end up with the bank manager underwriting your loan, rather than the run-of-the-mill underwriter that normally reviews loan files.
Where to Borrow Blanket Mortgages
Since fewer lenders actually offer them, it raises an important question: Where can real estate investors take out a blanket loan?
Start by inquiring with the lenders you already work with. Portfolio lenders who specialize in working with real estate investors often allow them. Here are a few lenders to reach out to:
- Visio
- Lending Home
- Lending One
- Civic Financial
- RCN Capital
- Lendency (short-term purchase-rehab loans only)
You can also reach out to local community banks to ask if they offer blanket loans to real estate investors.
Finally, for commercial lenders and construction loans, try out:
- RCN Capital (commercial & mixed-use)
- Commercial Loan Direct (commercial or construction, minimum loan: $1 million)
- Lendency (construction loans)
- Patch of Land (construction loans)
Final Thoughts
What is a blanket mortgage? Useful, that’s what.
As you scale your real estate portfolio, and start exploring pooled property purchases (say that five times fast), blanket loans can save you money and simplify your books. And as you build equity in existing properties, blanket mortgages offer another way to tap into that equity and avoid down payments when buying new properties.
Start networking with blanket mortgage lenders now, before you actually need them, so you can move quickly on your next deal.♦
How do you plan to use blanket mortgages for your own real estate investments?
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About the Author
G. Brian Davis is a landlord, real estate investor, and co-founder of SparkRental. His mission: to help 5,000 people reach financial independence by replacing their 9-5 jobs with rental income. If you want to be one of them, join Brian, Deni, and guest Scott Hoefler for a free masterclass on how Scott ditched his day job in under five years.
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